Which component is typically used in AC motor starters to allow higher starting current?

Which component is typically used in AC motor starters to allow higher starting current?

• A. Run capacitor
• B. Start capacitor
• C. Relay
• D. Contactor

Answer: (B)

The start capacitor is commonly utilized in AC motor starters to facilitate a higher starting current, especially in single-phase induction motors. When the motor is initially energized, a higher starting current is necessary to overcome inertia and initiate motion. The start capacitor provides this additional current boost by temporarily increasing the voltage across the motor windings. During startup, the start capacitor is connected in series with the start winding, which increases the phase difference between the currents in the start and run windings. This phase shift creates a stronger rotating magnetic field, allowing the motor to start more effectively. Once the motor reaches a certain speed, a centrifugal switch or electronic relay typically disconnects the start capacitor from the circuit to avoid overheating and reduce losses. In contrast, a run capacitor is designed to enhance motor efficiency during normal operation rather than to assist with starting. A relay can be employed to control the operation of the motor, while a contactor serves as a switch to operate the motor under higher load conditions. However, neither of these components specifically provides the same initial current boost that a start capacitor does. Thus, the start capacitor is essential for enabling the higher starting current needed for effective motor startup.

The start capacitor is commonly utilized in AC motor starters to facilitate a higher starting current, especially in single-phase induction motors. When the motor is initially energized, a higher starting current is necessary to overcome inertia and initiate motion. The start capacitor provides this additional current boost by temporarily increasing the voltage across the motor windings.

During startup, the start capacitor is connected in series with the start winding, which increases the phase difference between the currents in the start and run windings. This phase shift creates a stronger rotating magnetic field, allowing the motor to start more effectively. Once the motor reaches a certain speed, a centrifugal switch or electronic relay typically disconnects the start capacitor from the circuit to avoid overheating and reduce losses.

In contrast, a run capacitor is designed to enhance motor efficiency during normal operation rather than to assist with starting. A relay can be employed to control the operation of the motor, while a contactor serves as a switch to operate the motor under higher load conditions. However, neither of these components specifically provides the same initial current boost that a start capacitor does. Thus, the start capacitor is essential for enabling the higher starting current needed for effective motor startup.